Ketamine use has increased across the UK in recent years, particularly among young adults. Once mainly associated with clubs and festivals, the drug is now used in a wider range of social settings.
At the same time, more people are seeking treatment for ketamine-related problems, raising concerns about its long-term effects on physical and mental health. Understanding the latest trends in ketamine use UK can help explain why this drug is receiving more attention from healthcare professionals and public health organisations.
This guide explains what ketamine is, how it is used, why its popularity has grown, and what treatment options are available.
What Is Ketamine?
Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic that was developed in 1962 as a safer alternative to phencyclidine (PCP). Today, it is still used by doctors and veterinarians during some surgical procedures because it provides pain relief and anaesthesia while helping maintain breathing and blood pressure.
In recent years, ketamine has also been used under specialist medical supervision to treat some people with treatment-resistant depression. This treatment is carefully controlled and should not be confused with recreational ketamine use.
Illegal ketamine is usually sold as a white powder, crystals, or liquid. It is most commonly snorted, although some people swallow or inject it. The drug changes how the brain processes pain and sensory information, causing effects such as detachment from reality, hallucinations, poor coordination, and slower reactions. Higher doses can lead to a state known as the “K-hole,” where a person becomes disconnected from their surroundings.
Ketamine Use in the UK
Recent reports show that ketamine use has continued to increase across the UK, particularly among young adults. Treatment services have also recorded a sharp rise in the number of people seeking help for ketamine-related problems, highlighting growing concerns about the drug’s impact on public health.
Below are some of the latest figures from official UK sources:
- 3.2% of adults entering drug treatment in 2024 to 2025 reported ketamine as one of their problem substances, up from 2.3% in 2023 to 2024.
- 5,365 people started treatment for ketamine problems in 2024 to 2025, compared with 426 in 2014 to 2015.
- Young adults continue to report the highest levels of ketamine use.
- Government advisors have identified ketamine as one of the fastest-growing drugs among people entering specialist treatment.
Why Is Ketamine Becoming More Popular?
One reason is availability. Ketamine is widely sold through illegal drug markets and is often cheaper than other recreational drugs. It has also become more common in nightlife settings, music festivals, and private parties.
Some people believe ketamine is safer than other illegal drugs because it has medical uses. This is a misunderstanding. Medical ketamine is given in carefully controlled doses under professional supervision, while illegal ketamine varies in strength and purity. Taking unknown amounts can increase the risk of accidents, overdose, and long-term health problems.
Curiosity, social media, and changing drug trends have also influenced ketamine use, particularly among younger adults. Health professionals have warned that regular ketamine use can quickly lead to physical complications and psychological dependence, even if someone does not use the drug every day.
Health Effects of Ketamine Use
Ketamine can affect both physical and mental health. Some effects happen while the drug is active, while others develop after frequent or long-term use. The risk generally increases as ketamine use becomes more regular.
| Physical Effects | Mental & Behavioural Effects |
| Bladder damage (ketamine bladder) | Anxiety |
| Kidney problems | Depression |
| Severe abdominal pain | Mood swings |
| Nausea and vomiting | Confusion |
| Increased heart rate | Hallucinations |
| Poor coordination | Memory problems |
| Liver damage (long-term use) | Difficulty concentrating |
| Urinary incontinence | Psychological dependence |
Ketamine Addiction Treatment
Recent UK figures show that 5,365 people started treatment for ketamine problems between 2024 and 2025, the highest number recorded to date. This reflects the growing demand for specialist support as more people seek help for ketamine addiction.
Here’s how ketamine addiction is treated:
Assessment
Treatment usually begins with a confidential assessment. A healthcare professional will ask about your ketamine use, physical and mental health, previous attempts to stop, and any other substances you may be using.
This helps identify the level of support you need and allows a personalised treatment plan to be developed.
Therapy
Therapy is one of the main treatments for ketamine addiction. It helps people understand what is driving their drug use and develop healthier ways to cope with cravings, stress, and difficult situations.
Treatment may include:
- Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
- Individual counselling
- Group therapy
- Motivational interviewing (MI)
- Relapse prevention therapy
- Family therapy, where appropriate
Residential Rehab
Residential rehab provides structured support in a drug-free environment. People usually stay at the rehabilitation centre for several weeks while taking part in therapy, educational sessions, and relapse prevention planning.
This option may be suitable for people with severe ketamine addiction or those who have not been able to stop using through community-based treatment.
Outpatient Treatment
Some people do not need to stay at a rehabilitation centre. Outpatient treatment allows them to attend regular appointments while continuing to live at home. This may include therapy, counselling, recovery groups, and regular reviews to monitor progress.
Aftercare
Recovery continues after formal treatment has finished. Many rehabilitation providers offer aftercare to help people maintain their progress and reduce the risk of relapse.
Aftercare may include follow-up appointments, counselling, peer support groups, or ongoing relapse prevention planning.
Concerned About Ketamine Use?
The latest figures show that more people across the UK are seeking treatment for ketamine-related problems each year. Regular ketamine use can affect your physical health, mental wellbeing, relationships, and daily life, even if the changes seem small at first.
If you’re finding it difficult to cut back, or you’re worried about someone close to you, speaking to a professional can help you understand what support is available. Treatment is not the same for everyone, and the right approach depends on your individual circumstances.
AnorMed can answer your questions, explain the different treatment options, and help you compare rehabilitation providers across the UK and Europe. Every conversation is confidential, with no obligation to begin treatment.
How AnorMed Can Help
Finding the right treatment can feel difficult when there are so many rehabilitation providers to choose from. AnorMed is an independent addiction treatment referral service that helps people compare treatment options across the UK and Europe.
Our advisors take the time to understand your situation before discussing suitable treatment pathways. This may include residential rehab, outpatient treatment, therapy, or other forms of addiction support based on your individual needs.
We also support family members who are worried about someone close to them. If you have questions about ketamine addiction or treatment, our advisors can explain the available options and provide confidential guidance.
If you’re looking for help with ketamine addiction, or simply want more information, AnorMed can help you compare rehabilitation providers and understand the next steps.
FAQs
Is ketamine legal in the UK?
Ketamine is a Class B drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. It is illegal to possess, supply, or produce ketamine without lawful authority. However, it can be prescribed and used legally by medical professionals for approved medical purposes.
Can ketamine become addictive?
Yes. Ketamine can lead to psychological dependence, especially with regular use. Some people develop tolerance, meaning they need larger or more frequent doses to achieve the same effects.
What is ketamine bladder?
Ketamine bladder is a condition caused by frequent ketamine use that damages the bladder and urinary tract. Symptoms may include pain when urinating, needing to urinate more often, blood in the urine, and reduced bladder capacity.
Can ketamine cause permanent damage?
Yes. Long-term ketamine use has been linked with permanent damage to the bladder, urinary tract, and kidneys. It can also affect memory, concentration, and mental health.
Is ketamine withdrawal dangerous?
Ketamine withdrawal is generally less physically severe than withdrawal from alcohol or opioids. However, some people experience cravings, anxiety, low mood, difficulty sleeping, and other psychological symptoms that can make recovery difficult without support.